The closure of the posterior nasal choana is referred to as choanal atresia.
The continued presence of the primordial bucconasal membrane is the source of this congenital abnormality. Usually unilateral, it affects more women than men (2:1).
Typically, it may be observed on the right side.Membranous atresia is less frequent than bony atresia (9:1).
About Choanal Atresia
An obstruction or narrowing of the nasal canal called choanal atresia causes breathing problems. The obstruction is brought on by bone or tissue already present in the nasal airway at birth. Surgery can solve the issue and reduce bothersome symptoms.
Clinical Features Of Choanal Atresia
Choanal atresia can be categorized as Unilateral, Bilateral, Complete, Incomplete, and Membranous (90%) Bony.
Undiagnosed until adulthood, unilateral choanal atresia is more prevalent.
-A unilateral mucoid discharge that is free of air bubbles is present.
Bilateral Choanal Atresia – Because babies breathe naturally via their noses, this condition produces respiratory blockage that can be deadly if not treated right enough.
-A newborn’s life is at risk from asphyxia.
-A bilateral nasal block makes it challenging to breastfeed.
Diagnosis
Choanal atresia is frequently identified soon after the birth of the baby. Medical experts can examine the infant for indications of choanal atresia, including pediatricians and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialists.
- A catheter or infant feeding tube CANNOT be passed from the nose to the throat, a sign of choanal atresia.
- Methylene blue drops inhaled through the nose DO NOT enter the throat.
- The atresia can be seen on an X-ray after the radioopaque dye has been injected into the nose.
- A CT scan reveals the degree and kind of atresia.
Treatment And Management
Choanal Atresia Treatment – Tracheostomy or endotracheal intubation – Emergency airway treatment is essential in bilateral choanal atresia.A feeding nipple with a sizable aperture, according to McGovern’s approach, can eliminate the necessity for a tracheostomy. It offers a healthy oral airway.
Recanalization for atresia correction is advised at age one and a half. The various methods comprise —
- Transpalatal
- Endoscopic nasal
- Transnasal
Surgical intervention is frequently required for the therapy of choanal atresia. By eliminating the obstruction in the nasal passages, surgery aims to free up the airway. Depending on the extent and features of the atresia, a different surgical method may be used. Temporary or permanent stents may occasionally be implanted to keep the choanae open following surgery. Thorough observation and frequent follow-ups are crucial to guarantee normal healing and assess potential issues after the treatment.
Ending Thought
A newborn’s capacity to breathe correctly can be greatly impacted by the rare congenital disease choanal atresia. For the purpose of providing the proper care and controlling any problems, early identification and awareness of the symptoms are essential. Parents and medical professionals may guarantee the best results for newborns with choanal atresia by recognizing the symptoms and seeking early medical assistance. We can continue to further our knowledge of this disorder and its treatment by continued research and increasing awareness, giving families who are struggling with choanal atresia hope and support.
