Dialysis supports patients with kidney failure by mimicking kidney functions. It removes waste and excess fluids from the bloodstream, keeping the body’s systems balanced. There are two main types of dialysis: Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis, each offering distinct approaches to filtering blood. Understanding options helps patients and their kidney doctors make an informed choice based on personal health needs and lifestyle.

Overview of Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis

Hemodialysis uses a machine to filter blood outside the body through an artificial kidney called a dialyzer. This treatment commonly occurs at a hospital or dialysis centre, though some patients may choose home-based hemodialysis. On the other hand, Peritoneal Dialysis filters blood through a natural membrane within the body. This type is home-based and offers greater flexibility for daily schedules.

What is Hemodialysis?

Hemodialysis requires a machine to remove blood from the body and circulate it through a dialyzer. The dialyzer separates waste from the blood and returns the clean blood to the body. Patients undergo this treatment at a dialysis centre, such as Dialysis in Delhi, or at home, lasting between 3 to 5 hours and occurring three times a week.

Types of Hemodialysis Access

  1. Arteriovenous (AV) Fistula: The AV fistula is a direct connection between an artery and a vein, created surgically. This connection allows blood to flow more freely, making accessing the bloodstream for treatment easier. It takes a few weeks to heal and become usable, but it usually lasts longer and has a lower infection risk than other access options.
  2. Arteriovenous (AV) Graft: A synthetic tube (graft) connects the artery and vein when veins are too small for an AV fistula. This graft provides immediate access to hemodialysis but may require more frequent care due to a higher risk of clotting and infection.
  3. Catheter: Healthcare centres use a catheter, placed in a large neck or chest vein, when hemodialysis is needed. This temporary option involves a small, flexible tube that enables quick access to the bloodstream, though it carries the highest risk of infection and clotting.

Procedure Details

During hemodialysis, blood flows from the body to the dialyzer, where a special solution removes waste and extra fluid. Cleaned blood then returns to the body. The machine monitors blood pressure, adjusting flow rates as needed. After each session, patients may experience side effects, such as dizziness, low blood pressure, or muscle cramps, which can vary depending on health and hydration.

What is Peritoneal Dialysis?

Peritoneal dialysis uses the natural lining of the abdomen, known as the peritoneum, as a filter. A special solution, introduced into the abdomen, absorbs waste directly from the blood vessels within the abdominal lining. This method occurs at home and allows greater flexibility, especially for those balancing daily activities with dialysis treatments.

Types of Peritoneal Dialysis

  1. Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD): APD, or cycler-assisted dialysis, occurs at night using a machine. The cycler pumps dialysis solution into and out of the peritoneal cavity multiple times while the patient sleeps.
  2. Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD): CAPD requires manual bag exchanges four to five times daily. The patient drains the used solution from the abdomen, replaces it with fresh solution, and lets it sit for several hours, allowing waste removal throughout the day.

Procedure Details

In peritoneal dialysis, a small catheter inserted through the abdomen remains in place permanently. This catheter allows the dialysis solution to enter the peritoneal cavity. The solution stays in the abdomen for several hours during each exchange, absorbing waste products before being drained. This cycle repeats throughout the day, though many patients opt for APD to conduct dialysis overnight.

Benefits and Challenges of Peritoneal Dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis appeals to those who want a flexible, home-based option. It doesn’t require visits to a dialysis centre and is easy to manage with a routine. However, it also carries certain risks, such as peritonitis (infection of the abdominal lining), hernias, and weight gain due to sugar absorption from the dialysis solution. Additionally, those on peritoneal dialysis should monitor exercise intensity, as abdominal fluid may make certain movements uncomfortable.

Conclusion

The choice between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis affects more than just kidney health; it shapes daily life, activities, and personal well-being. Centres offering 24×7 dialysis near me make hemodialysis accessible around the clock, while peritoneal dialysis provides the flexibility for at-home treatment. Consulting a healthcare centre like SS Kidney Urology Surgery can clarify options and make sure patients receive the support needed for this life-sustaining treatment.