Malignant tumors have a serious impact on human health. The treatment methods and drugs for malignant tumors have always been the research focus of medical work. At present, tumor drug therapy is a commonly used and effective treatment method.
In recent years, with the progress of medical research and the continuous emergence of new anti-tumor drugs, the role of peptide compounds in clinical anti-tumor therapy has received widespread attention.
Peptide compounds have the advantages:
Compared with traditional anti-tumor drugs, peptide compounds have the advantages of small molecular weight, strong targeting, high activity, low toxicity, and easy transmembrane absorption. They can directly or indirectly act on tumor cells and play a regulatory role in their growth and apoptosis.
Peptide compounds mainly exert anti-tumor effects by regulating immune function, promoting tumor cell apoptosis, and inhibiting tumor neovascularization Globally, the incidence rate and mortality of malignant tumors are both high, posing a serious threat to human life and health.
Finding safe and effective anti-tumor drugs is a challenge faced by the world medical community. Surgical resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is currently a commonly used clinical treatment method for tumors, which has certain therapeutic effects, but has strong adverse reactions and is prone to recurrence.
The commonly used anti-tumor drugs in clinical practice have drawbacks such as weak targeting, strong adverse reactions, and susceptibility to drug resistance. Therefore, screening new anti-tumor drugs that are safe, effective, highly selective, and have minimal adverse reactions has become a research focus. At the same time, the detection of peptide impurities and synthesis are also key research topics for the drug quality department.
Peptides are a kind of peptide mixture closely related to animals, plants and microorganisms. They can act on cells, nerves, hormones, etc. of the body and regulate the functional activities of cells, organs and systems in the body. Small molecule peptide compounds have attracted widespread attention from researchers due to their strong targeting, high safety, and wide sources.
Research has found that there are many types and structures of small molecule anti-tumor peptides, and their structural diversity determines the diversity of anti-tumor pathways and mechanisms. Peptide compounds can directly or indirectly act on tumor cells, regulate their growth and apoptosis, inhibit substances or signals related to tumor growth, and promote substances or signals related to tumor apoptosis.
Mechanism of immune function regulation
Tumor cells are transformed from somatic cell mutated by physical, chemical, genetic, radiation and other factors. The cytokines secreted by tumor cells can affect the recognition and elimination of tumor cells by the immune system. Immune function regulation can act on tumor cells through the autoimmune system, achieving the goal of eliminating tumor cells.
In addition to surgical treatment and chemotherapy, immunotherapy has become an important means of clinical tumor treatment as a biological therapy method. Research has found that soy protein peptides can stimulate the activity of the immune system, enhance the phagocytic ability of macrophages, and enhance the proliferation function of lymphocytes.
The immune system, as a barrier against pathogens, can enhance the sensitivity and immunogenicity of tumor cells, thereby exerting a synergistic inhibitory or clearance effect on tumor cells.
1.Non specific immune response .
The non-specific immune response is mediated by natural killer cell, macrophages, dendritic cells, etc., also known as innate immunity, which passes through the intrinsic mode or limited.
The diverse antigen recognition of receptors exerts non-specific anti-tumor effects. Non specific immune response cytokines affect changes in tumor cell characteristics in the form of information carriers, such as targeting macrophages closely related to tumors as anti-tumor therapy targets
2. Mechanism of promoting tumor cell apoptosis
Apoptosis is the main mode of normal cell death. Abnormality in the process of cell apoptosis can lead to various diseases, such as cell cancer. The occurrence of tumors is closely related to cell apoptosis. Cell apoptosis mainly includes two pathways: exogenous and endogenous, which are activated by stimulating apoptotic receptors on the cell surface; Activation of endogenous pathways by apoptotic signals can disrupt the integrity of mitochondrial membranes
3.Inhibition of tumor neovascularization
Obtaining nutrients from new blood vessels is an important way for tumors to maintain their own development, so pathological generation of blood vessels can provide nutrients for tumor cell activity. Tumor cell angiogenesis is the result of the combined action of multiple factors in the body, mainly inhibiting and promoting factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor plays an important regulatory role in the process of angiogenesis, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors include VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3.
Some studies suggest that blocking pathological angiogenesis in tumor tissue and reducing blood supply to tumor tissue are of great significance in inhibiting tumor proliferation and metastasis, and can serve as effective measures for treating tumors.
